Employing the insights gained, the third section outlines the potential paths a brain system might take to exhibit characteristics of PTSD. We thus present the Dynamic Brain Network Model (DBNM) of PTSD, a concrete framework based on network approaches and resilience theory, to understand the progression of a brain network from a state preceding the traumatic event (e.g., before) to a state following the traumatic event (e.g., after). serum immunoglobulin As a final point, we provide a synthesis of metrics for assessing components of the DBNM and their potential use in computational models related to PTSD.
Both natural and man-made disasters pose a substantial societal concern, severely impacting the health and well-being of individuals. It is of vital significance to grasp strategies for preventing or lessening the damaging psychological and social outcomes for individuals and communities affected. Currently, a plan is in place for better collaboration and coordination in Europe to address cross-border health emergencies. However, a more in-depth analysis of how nations handle the psychosocial well-being of their populations post-disaster is essential. Highlighting substantial differences in psychosocial responses to major terrorist attacks, this document centers on the unique situations of Norway, France, and Belgium within Europe. antibiotic antifungal Harmonizing the monitoring, evaluation, and research of post-disaster psychosocial care and support is essential for enhancing our capacity to address future emergencies and building stronger responses.
Can a generalized theoretical model for memory phenomena be devised? To what extent can sociological frameworks illuminate this substantial scientific project? This article's focus is on two distinctive contributions: firstly, Maurice Halbwachs's concept of collective memory; and secondly, Niklas Luhmann's concept of social memory. The author offers crucial theoretical refinements. Memory is not a collection of archived past events, but a continuous and selective process of choosing between remembering and forgetting, a dynamic interplay of retention and dismissal. Collective memory, unlike social memory, is a specific function of psychological processes; in contrast, social memory is an operational component of social communication. The author investigates how the media handles social memory, specifically regarding the November 13, 2015 attacks in Paris, and demonstrates how these interpretive practices contribute to the construction of traumatic memories.
A highly stressful experience, involving death, threat of death, serious injury, or sexual violence, can lead to the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The hallmarks of this condition include symptoms like intrusions, avoidance, and hypervigilance. Academic sources propose that PTSD is characterized by an imbalance in memory encoding, preferentially storing emotional and sensory aspects of the traumatic event, whereas contextual details are under-represented. Thus, PTSD is now categorized as a memory disorder whose ramifications affect multiple constituents. Within this review, we investigate the relationship between PTSD and the enduring nature of memories. PTSD's lasting effects on episodic memory are exemplified by problems in encoding specific elements of the traumatic event, with profound implications. The narrative of the trauma may reveal these challenges, characterized by a discourse lacking the necessary contextual elements of the traumatic event. Furthermore, these events can lead to the recurrence and expansion of fear, impacting both trauma-connected and unrelated contexts. How PTSD affects autobiographical memory, subsequently influencing the construction of identity and shaping the individual's perception of past, present, and future, is explored in the second part of this article. Autobiographical memory, which is critical for personal identity and the preservation of past personal memories, exhibits multiple disrupted forms under the influence of PTSD. Memories of the personal past, for those with PTSD, often show a decrease in contextual detail, thereby affecting the accuracy of their recall of past events. Individuals grappling with PTSD frequently experience a propensity to project a more negative and unpredictable future, mirroring a generalized sense of unease and uncertainty about their forthcoming experiences. Furthermore, modifications in the representation of current events, stemming from the disruptive influence of post-traumatic stress symptoms during the encoding phase, are also observed.
An incident that places an individual at risk for death, leads to substantial physical injury, or encompasses sexual aggression is commonly recognized as trauma. Trauma, a condition surpassing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may escalate the risk of developing severe mental health conditions, including mood disorders and psychotic disorders. Dissociation, a significant component of PTSD, is closely linked to exposure to traumatic events. Although a potential relationship exists between peri-traumatic dissociation and subsequent PTSD, the results indicated that numerous people who develop PTSD do not manifest dissociative symptoms in the acute phase following the traumatic event. Various risk factors are outlined for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including a history of traumatic events, pre-existing mental disorders, genetic predisposition, and the influence of gender. To distinguish PTSD with or without dissociative symptoms, it is now proposed that each syndrome be characterized by a unique neural signature. A consequence of dissociation could be a transformation in how a culture perceives itself and the world around it. PCI-32765 Terror management theory (TMT) proposes that cultural worldviews, self-esteem, and interpersonal relationships work in tandem to buffer individuals from the anxiety associated with mortality. By disrupting the anxiety buffering system, trauma induces a change in victims' convictions and an experience of social separation.
This article charts the evolution of scientific explorations into human memory, starting from the end of the 19th century. Experimental psychology and neuropsychology's contributions were the foremost focus of the scientific community in the beginning. While research in the humanities and social sciences experienced growth in the interwar period, there was a marked lack of synergy with psychology and neurosciences. We remember the most exemplary historical works of two differing views of memory, those of the experimental psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus, who measured memory, on himself, from lists of meaningless syllables, and those of the sociologist Maurice Halbwachs, for whom any act of remembering is a social activity. The 20th century witnessed the duration of this disciplinary closure. Beginning in the 2000s, a remarkable social change has emerged, driven by an eagerness to explore and comprehend the intricate relationship between individual and collective memories. The authors in this article posit that memory sciences are emergent, through the application of dialectical and transdisciplinary methodologies. Drawing inspiration from the Programme 13-Novembre, which is illustrative of this transformation, is their process. The 13-Novembre Programme has leveraged a range of memory research instruments to analyze the profoundly impactful 2015 Paris attacks and their ripple effects within French society. This exposition covers its inception, encompassing structure, and several key components, including some results previously released. Not only does this work possess significant theoretical depth, but it also offers substantial potential applications, specifically in the diagnosis and treatment of various medical conditions, with post-traumatic stress disorder providing a noteworthy illustration.
This piece briefly introduces a sequence of articles, emanating from the Journee Claude Bernard, a meeting convened by the Academie Nationale de Medecine. Featuring presentations from a wide array of disciplines, including biological sciences and the humanities, the session investigated memory and trauma. The 13-Novembre Programme's output includes several publications dedicated to the deeply impactful event within French society, the attacks of 13 November 2015 in Paris and its surrounding areas, and the subsequent effects on personal and communal remembrance of this tragic episode.
This article provides a summary of Francoise Dieterlen's extensive scientific discoveries in the hematopoietic and endothelial systems, which spanned 40 years of her career. Key among her notable achievements is the demonstration of intraembryonic hematopoietic stem cell origination, the characterization of aortic polarization, the discovery of hemogenic endothelium and the allantois as hematopoietic amplification organs in the mouse embryo, and the proof of the generation of hematopoietic stem cells from hemogenic endothelium in the bone marrow of both chicken and mouse embryos. Francoise Dieterlen's mentorship, although not directly responsible for this final discovery, heavily inspired it, arising from numerous conversations and the lessons she provided throughout my career. The contributions of her career in hematopoietic development will continue to shape the field for many years to come, solidifying her as a guiding presence.
A personal and scientific homage to Francoise Dieterlen, this collection of memories, covering my time in her laboratory at Nogent-sur-Marne (France) between 1984 and 2000, showcases both disciplines. Her profound influence on her students, coupled with her teaching of core research attributes such as discipline, rigor, and patience, left an indelible mark on me.
This text details my presence at the tribute to Dr. Françoise Dieterlen, held at the Sorbonne University's Pierre et Marie Curie Campus in Paris on June 21st, 2022. As my doctoral thesis director and mentor, I must commend her pivotal role in furthering the fundamental understanding of embryonic hematopoiesis and its profound connection to the vascular system. My testimony also describes aspects of her personality which have played a crucial role in shaping my personal growth.