The health risk assessment indicated that arsenic and lead were the most significant sources of risk, contributing approximately 80% of the overall total. In spite of the total hazard quotient (HQ) for eight heavy metals being less than 10 for both adults and children, the overall HQ for children was an astonishing 1245 times greater than that for adults. We need to amplify our focus on ensuring the food safety of children. The southern segment of the study area exhibited a greater health risk profile compared to its northern counterpart, when analyzing spatial factors. Fortifying the strategies for the prevention and control of heavy metal contamination in the southern region is crucial for the future.
Heavy metal buildup in vegetables presents a serious concern for public health. This study built a database of heavy metal concentrations in Chinese vegetable-soil systems using data from literature reviews and sampled soil directly from the field. A systematic investigation was carried out to quantify seven heavy metals within the edible sections of various vegetables and understand the extent to which these metals bioaccumulate across different vegetable types. A separate assessment was conducted to evaluate the non-carcinogenic health risks inherent in four types of vegetables, employing Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The mean concentrations of cadmium, arsenic, lead, chromium, mercury, copper, and zinc in the edible portions of the vegetables, measured in milligrams per kilogram, were 0.0093, 0.0024, 0.0137, 0.0118, 0.0007, 0.0622, and 3.272, respectively. This revealed exceedance rates for Pb (185%), Cd (129%), Hg (115%), Cr (403%), and As (21%). Significantly, leafy vegetables displayed high Cd enrichment, and root vegetables exhibited a notable Pb enrichment, as indicated by mean bioconcentration factors of 0.264 and 0.262, respectively. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals was, as a rule, lower in legume, vegetable, and solanaceous vegetables. Evaluations of health risks from vegetable consumption confirmed that individual vegetable components presented no non-carcinogenic risk. However, the health risk profile for children exceeded that of adults. Pb showed the highest mean non-carcinogenic risk among the single elements, followed by Hg, then Cd, then As, and finally Cr. The relative non-carcinogenic risks associated with four vegetable categories – leafy, root, legume, and solanaceous – were ranked in descending order, with leafy vegetables at the bottom of the list and solanaceous vegetables at the top. Planting vegetables with a low capacity for absorbing heavy metals in farmland polluted by heavy metals represents a practical strategy for reducing health risks.
Mineral resource foundations embody a dualistic characteristic, encompassing mineral deposits and environmental contamination. The spatial distribution and source analysis of heavy metals in soil permit a classification of the latter into natural and anthropogenic categories of pollution. This study investigated the Hongqi vanadium titano-magnetite mineral resources base, a location within the Luanhe watershed, specifically Luanping County. Immediate access Employing the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Nemerow's comprehensive pollution index (PN), and the potential ecological risk (Ei), an assessment of the characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution was conducted; redundancy analysis (RDA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were then implemented to determine the sources of the soil's heavy metal contamination. Findings from the study indicated that the average levels of chromium, copper, and nickel in the parent material of medium-basic hornblende metamorphic rock and medium-basic gneisses metamorphic rock were one to two times higher than those in other parent materials in the concentrated mineral resource area. However, the average quantities of lead and arsenic were significantly diminished. The average concentration of mercury was highest in fluvial alluvial-proluvial parent materials, whereas parent materials from medium-basic gneisses, acid rhyolites, and fluvial alluvial-proluvial facies displayed a higher average cadmium concentration. The elements experience a decrease in Igeodecrease according to this order: Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr > Hg > As. In the sample, the PN values ranged from 061 to 1899, with the sample proportions reaching 1000% for moderate pollution and 808% for severe pollution. Pishow's research ascertained that the parent material of intermediate-basic hornblende metamorphic rocks and intermediate-basic gneiss metamorphic rocks showed a significantly elevated presence of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni). The elements Hg(5806), Cd(3972), As(1098), Cu(656), Pb(560), Ni(543), Cr(201), and Zn(110) are arranged in descending order of Ei values. A significant portion, 84.27%, of the sampled materials had refractive indices under 150, indicating a mild ecological risk potential in the study region. The weathering of parent material was the primary source of soil heavy metals, followed by a combination of agricultural and transportation activities, mining operations, and fossil fuel combustion, which contributed 4144%, 3183%, 2201%, and 473%, respectively. The characterization of heavy metal pollution risks in the mineral resource base moved away from a single-source model focused on the mining sector and embraced a broader, multi-source perspective. By virtue of these research findings, the scientific basis for regional green mining development and eco-environmental protection is established.
To understand the distribution and influence mechanisms of heavy metal movement and change in the Dabaoshan Mining wasteland, Guangdong Province, soil and tailings samples were collected and examined for their morphological characteristics. To determine the sources of pollution in the mining region, lead stable isotope analysis was carried out simultaneously. Subsequently, the characteristics and factors influencing the migration and transformation of heavy metals were detailed through X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), and Raman analysis of characteristic minerals in the region, supported by simulated leaching experiments in the lab. The forms of cadmium, lead, and arsenic present in the soil and tailings at the mining site were primarily residual, as determined by morphological analysis, accounting for 85% to 95% of the total content. A smaller fraction, ranging from 1% to 15%, was found bound to iron and manganese oxides. Pyrite (FeS2), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), and metal oxides, along with minor amounts of sphalerite (ZnS) and galena (PbS), are the principal mineral constituents found in the soils and tailings of the Dabaoshan Mining region. In soil, tailings, and minerals (pyrite, chalcopyrite), the transition of Cd and Pb from a residual to a non-residual state, driven by release and migration, was observed under acidic conditions (pH=30). The study of lead isotopes in the soil and tailings samples strongly suggests a significant contribution of lead from the release of metal minerals within the mining operation, and the contribution from diesel in the mining area was below 30%. Multivariate statistical analysis of the mining area's soil and tailings highlighted Pyrite, Chalcopyrite, Sphalerite, and Metal oxide as the major contributors to heavy metal presence. Sphalerite and Metal oxides were the primary drivers of Cadmium, Arsenic, and Lead. Heavy metal transformations in the abandoned mining area were demonstrably responsive to environmental conditions. learn more When addressing heavy metal pollution from mining wastelands, the source control strategy must account for the form, migration, and transformation mechanisms of the heavy metals.
To evaluate the pollution levels and ecological hazards of heavy metals within the topsoil of Chuzhou City, a survey of 4360 soil samples was conducted. Concentrations of eight heavy metals – chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) – were measured across the samples. To understand the origins of heavy metals in the topsoil, correlation, cluster, and principal component analyses were performed. Assessing the environmental impact of the eight identified heavy metals involved calculations using the enrichment factor index, single-factor pollution index, pollution load index, geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk index. Comparative analysis of surface soil in Chuzhou City versus the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin in Anhui revealed higher average concentrations of chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) in the former. Significant spatial differences and external factors were apparent in the distribution of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg). Employing correlation, cluster, and principal component analyses, the eight heavy metal types are grouped into four distinct categories. Cr, Zn, Cu, and Ni were derived from natural environmental sources; As and Hg were primarily linked to industrial and agricultural pollution; Pb stemmed largely from transportation and industrial/agricultural pollution sources; and Cd was linked to a combination of transportation pollution, natural sources, and industrial/agricultural pollution. zoonotic infection The pollution level in Chuzhou City was, overall, low, presenting a minimal ecological risk according to both the pollution load index and the potential ecological risk index; however, cadmium and mercury posed a significant ecological hazard, necessitating their prioritization for mitigation efforts. The results scientifically underpinned soil safety utilization and classification control protocols in Chuzhou City.
To assess the heavy metal composition of soil in vegetable planting areas of Wanquan District, Zhangjiakou, a total of 132 surface and 80 deep soil samples were collected for testing and analysis. The collected samples were screened for eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and the occurrence forms of Cr and Ni were examined in detail. By integrating geostatistical techniques with the PMF receptor model, and using three approaches to evaluate heavy metal soil contamination, we established the spatial distribution pattern of soil heavy metals in the study area, determined the level of pollution, and mapped the vertical distribution of chromium and nickel fugitive forms. We further assessed the sources and contribution percentages of this soil heavy metal pollution.